In pursuit of granting the extraction and exploitation privilege of oil throughout Iran - except for 5 northern provinces - in the year 1280 AH (1904 AD), by Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar, "William Knox D'Arcy," an Englishman, experienced his first drilling rotations in the Middle East soil. As a result, the name Iran was registered as the birthplace of the first oil industry in the Middle East's history. Now, a whole century has passed since that date, and the Iranian oil industry is preparing itself for the beginning of its second century of existence. During these hundred years, the oil industry, on the one hand, opened the doors of modern science to Iranians as a technical and industrial phenomenon, and on the other hand, it became the source and center of the country's political, economic, and social events through its connection with foreign interests. Dealing with each aspect requires a careful and profound review of the one-hundred-year history of this land's transformations. The first exploration operations in Iran were carried out in the Qasr-e Shirin and Chah-e Sorkh regions, which were not very satisfactory. Although drilling proved the existence of oil in these areas, the productivity of the wells was not sufficient to justify continuing operations in the same locations. In the next stage, drilling equipment was transferred to more southern areas, namely around Shushtar. Experts were optimistic about the results of operations in this region, but the major problem was insufficient capital. Future projects required even heavier expenses that D'Arcy himself could not afford. By the end of 1904, he had spent around 225,000 pounds, which was a huge amount at that time. With the eruption of oil from the first drilled well in the Masjed Soleiman region in the year 1287 AH (1908 AD), the construction of the Abadan Oil Refinery began in 1292 AH (1914 AD). Start of operations of the Kermanshah Refinery (the country's second refinery): In 1301 AH (1922 AD), drilling groups returned to the border region of Kermanshah province, and since then, oil extraction activities started in the Qasr-e Shirin border area. With the extraction of oil, that area was named the "Naft-e-Shah Oil Field." After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, its name changed to the "Naft-e-Shahr Oil Field." To transport light crude oil from the Naft-e-Shahr Oil Field to the Kermanshah Refinery, a 3-inch diameter pipeline with a length of 260 kilometers was constructed. The refinery started its operations for the first time with a nominal capacity of 2,000 barrels per day and could process up to 5,000 barrels per day. With the increasing demand for larger volumes of petroleum products in the years 1350-1348 AH (1971-1969 AD), after replacing the old refinery, the crude oil transfer line was changed from 3 inches to 8 inches. In order to renovate and expand the refinery, new refining units were designed by the UOP company and built and installed by Dutch engineering contractors (Continental). With the implementation of new refining methods, the new refinery started its operations with a designed capacity of 15,000 barrels per day in 1350 AH (1971 AD) and subsequently reached a practical capacity of about 19,000 barrels per day. With the start of the imposed war, the occupation of the Naft Shahr region, and the bombing of the Kermanshah Refinery, the production cycle in this company was disrupted. Due to the strategic importance of this refinery in meeting the fuel needs of western regions of the country, a new pipeline was constructed from Afarineh to Kermanshah, with a diameter of 16 inches and a length of 172 kilometers. Crude oil from Ahvaz-Asmari and Sarkhan-Malehkuh was transferred to the refinery, and in the month of Aban 1362 (October-November 1983), the refinery started operating for the purification of heavy crude oil from the south. This refinery was privatized through a public auction in the year 1395 (2016), and with the establishment of new management, projects for the production of hexane polymers, the launch of vacuum towers, and the expansion of the refinery are being pursued with the participation of domestic knowledge-based companies and foreign investments. This will not only increase the refinery's production capacity to 40,000 barrels per day but also improve the quality of the company's products, aiming for profitability and quantitative and qualitative development. Currently, the Kermanshah Refinery supplies more than 60% of the energy needs as fuels in the province. Kermanshah Oil Refining Company, in line with its social and technical responsibilities, has obtained various certifications for quality management systems, safety and health, and environmental management: Title of the country's green industry in 1380 and 1385, Received the title of the country's distinguished green industry and received the top trophy from the Environmental Protection Organization of the country in 2008 and 2016, Obtained IMS quality management system certification, Obtained quality management system certification based on ISO 9001:2008, ISO/TS 29001:2010 standards, Obtained environmental management system certification based on ISO 14001:2004 standard, Obtained occupational health and safety management system certification based on OHSAS 18001:2007 standard, Implementation of ISO 50001 energy management standard, The company's production includes liquefied petroleum gas, motor gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, and furnace oil. It also produces pentane, which is sent for consumption by the country's petrochemical plants. It is worth mentioning that the company started experimental production of aviation fuel (A.T.K) in 2011. Additionally, the special products include pentane solvent, normal hexane, solvent 402, solvent 410, solvent 503, raffinate, hydrocarbon MC160, light naphtha, butane gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).